Alkanes & Crude Oil quiz

1. Explain how crude oil is separated into fractions

Crude oil is separated by fractional distillation. Crude oil is heated and the oil evaporates. It then goes into the tower. As the vapours rise up the tower the temperature rises. Different sized fractions condense at different heights because they have different boiling points. Larger molecules condense high up in the tower. Smaller molecules condense low down in the tower. Then the fractions are collected.

Crude oil is separated by fractional distillation. Crude oil is heated and the oil evaporates. It then goes into the tower. As the vapours rise up the tower the temperature rises. Different sized fractions condense at different heights because they have different boiling points. Smaller molecules condense high up in the tower. Larger molecules condense low down in the tower. Then the fractions are collected.

Crude oil is separated by fractional distillation. Crude oil is heated and the oil evaporates. It then goes into the tower. As the vapours rise up the tower the temperature falls. Different sized fractions condense at different heights because they have different boiling points. Smaller molecules condense high up in the tower. Larger molecules condense low down in the tower. Then the fractions are collected.

Crude oil is separated by fractional distillation. Crude oil is heated and the oil evaporates. It then goes into the tower. As the vapours rise up the tower the temperature falls. Different sized fractions condense at different heights because they have different boiling points. Larger molecules condense high up in the tower. Smaller molecules condense low down in the tower. Then the fractions are collected.

Question 1 of 22

2. A pupil has tried to write down various ways of representing butane using: molecular formula, displayed formula, general formula, empirical formula and stuctural formula. However she has missed one out. Which one?

empirical formula

structural formula

molecular formula

general formula

Question 2 of 22

3. What is a substance called if it, when burned, releases heat energy?

A fuel

A coal

A fossil fuel

An electrolyte

Question 3 of 22

4. What do each of the following state symbols represent: (s), (l), (g), (aq)

(s) - solution. (l) - liquid. (g) - gas. (aq) - water

(l) - solid. (g) - liquid. (s) - gas. (aq) - aqueous (in solution)

(s) - solid. (l) - liquid. (g) - gas. (aq) - aqueous (in solution)

(s) - solid. (l) - liquid. (g) - gas. (aq) - water

Question 4 of 22

5. Name the greenhouse gas released from burning hydrocabons

carbon dioxide

soot

methane

water vapour

Question 5 of 22

6. What is crude oil?

A mixture of alkanes

A mixture of hydrocarbons

An oily liquid

A mixture of alcohols

Question 6 of 22

7.

A student has been asked to draw all the alkene isomers of C₄H₁₀ and draws the following. Which of the following statements about the student's diagram is correct?

The student is wrong. There is another isomer called 1,2-dimethylethane.

The student is wrong because she makes no reference to the numbers of protons and neutrons in the molecules.

The student is correct and deserves a tuck-shop voucher.

The student is wrong. The molecule on the right is just normal butane. Bending the end round doesn't change that.

Question 7 of 22

8. What is meant by the term viscosity?

The viscosity of a fluid describes how easily it flows. Water has a high viscosity, it flows very easily. Crude oil has a lower viscosity than water, it does not flow very easily.

The viscosity of a fluid is how easily it evaporates. Refinery gases evaporate easily, they have high viscosities

The viscosity of a fluid is how easily it evaporates. Refinery gases evaporate easily, they have low viscosities

The viscosity of a fluid describes how easily it flows. Water has a low viscosity, it flows very easily. Crude oil has a higher viscosity than water, it does not flow very easily.

Question 8 of 22

9. Explain the term hydrocarbon

A hydrocarbon is a molecule containing only hydrogen and carbon

A hydrocarbon is a molecule that comes from crude oil

A hydrocarbon is an organic molecule

A hydrocarbon is a molecule that is in a homologous series

Question 9 of 22

10. Recall the products of the complete combustion of alkanes

Water and oxygen

Carbon dioxide and water

Carbon monoxide and water

Carbon and water

Question 10 of 22

11. State the general formula of alkanes

CₙH₂ₙ

C₂ₙH₂ₙ₊₂

CₙHₙ₊₁

CₙH₂ₙ₊₂

Question 11 of 22

12. Explain the term isomerism

Solutions with the same ratio of ions but different concentrations

Compounds with the same empirical formula but different molecular formulas

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Molecules with the same molecular formula but with a different structure

Question 12 of 22

13. What is the name of this molecule?

methane

pentane

heptane

hexane

Question 13 of 22

14. Why does incomplete combustion occur?

When the fuel is wet

When there is an insufficient supply of oxygen for complete combustion

When there is an insufficient supply of water

When there is reduced fuel avaliable

Question 14 of 22

15. Recall a use of diesel

Fuel for cars

Fuel for ships

Fuel for lorries

Surfacing roads

Question 15 of 22

16. Why are alkanes classified as saturated hydrocarbons?

They do not react easily

They contain only single bonds

They are toxic substances

They are usually solids at room temperature

Question 16 of 22

17. How does sulfur dioxide form in car engines?

Acid rain causes some sulfur impurities to get into the car engine, and when the petrol combusts some sulfur dioxide is formed

The metals the car is made from contain some impurities of sulfur and when the engine heats up, some sulfur dioxide is formed

When the petrol combusts the sulfur dioxide impurities are left behind

Petrol includes the impurity sulfur, and when the petrol combusts some sulfur dioxide is formed

Question 17 of 22

18. Explain why nitrogen gas, N₂, is a gas at room temperature

Nitrogen has a simple molecular structure with weak intermolecular forces that require little energy to overcome

Nitrogen has a giant covalent structure with many weak covalent bonds which require little energy to overcome

Nitrogen has a simple molecular structure with strong intermolecular forces that require a lot of energy to overcome

Nitrogen has a giant covalent structure with many strong covalent bonds which require a lot of energy to overcome

Question 18 of 22

19. In car engines, sparks cause the formation of some gases which contribute to acid rain. What are these gases?

oxides of sulfur

refinery gases

Oxides of nitrogen

carbon monoxide

Question 19 of 22

20. State the problem associated with sulfur dioxide in the atomosphere?

The sulfur dioxide can react with nitrous oxides to form acidic particulates

The sulfur dioxide is poisonous because it reduces the blood\'s capacity to carry oxygen

The sulfur dioxide combines with water in the atmosphere to form acidic solutions (acid rain)

The sulfur dioxide causes increased levels of radicals in the atmosphere leading to the destruction of the ozone layer

Question 20 of 22

21. Name this molecule

heptane

2-methylhexane

1,1 dimethylpentane

hex-2-ene

Question 21 of 22

22. Why is the boiling point of a larger molecule higher than that of a smaller molecule?

Larger molecules have fewer attractions between them. These take less energy to overcome.

Larger molecules have more attractions between them. These take less energy to overcome.

Larger molecules have more attractions between them. These take more energy to overcome.

Larger molecules have fewer attractions between them. These take more energy to overcome.

Question 22 of 22

Alkanes & Crude Oil quiz

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