Alkanes & Crude Oil quiz

1. Explain the term homologous series

A homologous series is a family of compounds with 1) a trend in general formula 2) trends in their chemical properties 3) similar physical properties

A homologous series is a family of compounds with 1) the same general formula 2) trends in their chemical properties 3) similar physical properties

A homologous series is a family of compounds with 1) the same general formula 2) similar chemical properties 3) trends in their physical properties

A homologous series is a family of compounds with 1) a trend in general formula 2) similar chemical properties 3) the same physical properties

Question 1 of 22

2. State the general formula of alkanes

CₙHₙ₊₁

C₂ₙH₂ₙ₊₂

CₙH₂ₙ

CₙH₂ₙ₊₂

Question 2 of 22

3. What is a substance called if it, when burned, releases heat energy?

A coal

A fossil fuel

An electrolyte

A fuel

Question 3 of 22

4. Explain why methane gas, CH₄, is a gas at room temperature

Methane has a simple molecular structure with strong intermolecular forces that require a lot of energy to overcome

Methane has a giant covalent structure with many weak covalent bonds which require little energy to overcome

Methane has a simple molecular structure with weak intermolecular forces that require little energy to overcome

Methane has a giant covalent structure with many strong covalent bonds which require a lot of energy to overcome

Question 4 of 22

5. Explain the term saturated

A molecule that will not react with anything

A molecule containing only single bonds

A molecule that is poisonous

A molecule that is usually a solid at room temperature

Question 5 of 22

6. How does sulfur dioxide form in car engines?

The metals the car is made from contain some impurities of sulfur and when the engine heats up, some sulfur dioxide is formed

Petrol includes the impurity sulfur, and when the petrol combusts some sulfur dioxide is formed

When the petrol combusts the sulfur dioxide impurities are left behind

Acid rain causes some sulfur impurities to get into the car engine, and when the petrol combusts some sulfur dioxide is formed

Question 6 of 22

7. What do each of the following state symbols represent: (s), (l), (g), (aq)

(s) - solution. (l) - liquid. (g) - gas. (aq) - water

(s) - solid. (l) - liquid. (g) - gas. (aq) - aqueous (in solution)

(l) - solid. (g) - liquid. (s) - gas. (aq) - aqueous (in solution)

(s) - solid. (l) - liquid. (g) - gas. (aq) - water

Question 7 of 22

8. Explain the term hydrocarbon

A hydrocarbon is a molecule containing only hydrogen and carbon

A hydrocarbon is a molecule that comes from crude oil

A hydrocarbon is an organic molecule

A hydrocarbon is a molecule that is in a homologous series

Question 8 of 22

9. Name this molecule

methyl propane

butane

dimethyl ethane

prop-1-ene

Question 9 of 22

10. Why is carbon dioxide, CO₂ harmful to the environment?

It is acidic and can change the pH of fresh and salt water when dissolved

It is a greenhouse gas and may contribute to global warming

It competes with oxygen for uptake in plants preventing them from photosynthesising

It is very slightly coloured and blocks sunlight in the atmosphere if too much builds up

Question 10 of 22

11. A student names this molecule 2-ethylpentane. Which of these statements is true about the student's naming of the molecule?

The student is wrong. The correct name is 3-methylhexane.

The student is wrong. The correct name is 4-methylhexane.

The student is wrong. The correct name is 1-methyl-1-ethylbutane.

The student is correct and deserves a tuck-shop voucher.

Question 11 of 22

12. What is a general formula?

A series of compounds with similar chemical properties and a trend in physical properties

A formula to determine the exact number of different types of atom in a molecule, e.g. C₂H₄ for ethene

A formula to show the relative quantity of different types of atom for a molecules in a homologous series. Eg CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ for alkanes

A formula to determine the structure of a general series, i.e it shows which isomers are part of the general series and which aren\'t

Question 12 of 22

13. Why does incomplete combustion occur?

When there is reduced fuel avaliable

When there is an insufficient supply of oxygen for complete combustion

When the fuel is wet

When there is an insufficient supply of water

Question 13 of 22

14. Why is the melting point of a smaller molecule lower than that of a larger molecule?

Larger molecules have fewer attractions between them. These take less energy to overcome.

Larger molecules have fewer attractions between them. These take more energy to overcome.

Larger molecules have more attractions between them. These take more energy to overcome.

Larger molecules have more attractions between them. These take less energy to overcome.

Question 14 of 22

15. Recall the products of the complete combustion of alkanes

Carbon dioxide and water

Carbon monoxide and water

Water and oxygen

Carbon and water

Question 15 of 22

16. Recall a use of bitumen

Fuel for ships

Fuel for lorries

Fuel for aeroplanes

Surfacing roads

Question 16 of 22

17. What is the molecular formula for pentane?

C₂H₆

C₃H₈

C₅H₁₂

C₅H₁₀

Question 17 of 22

18. Explain how crude oil is separated into fractions

Crude oil is separated by fractional distillation. Crude oil is heated and the oil evaporates. It then goes into the tower. As the vapours rise up the tower the temperature falls. Different sized fractions condense at different heights because they have different boiling points. Smaller molecules condense high up in the tower. Larger molecules condense low down in the tower. Then the fractions are collected.

Crude oil is separated by fractional distillation. Crude oil is heated and the oil evaporates. It then goes into the tower. As the vapours rise up the tower the temperature falls. Different sized fractions condense at different heights because they have different boiling points. Larger molecules condense high up in the tower. Smaller molecules condense low down in the tower. Then the fractions are collected.

Crude oil is separated by fractional distillation. Crude oil is heated and the oil evaporates. It then goes into the tower. As the vapours rise up the tower the temperature rises. Different sized fractions condense at different heights because they have different boiling points. Larger molecules condense high up in the tower. Smaller molecules condense low down in the tower. Then the fractions are collected.

Crude oil is separated by fractional distillation. Crude oil is heated and the oil evaporates. It then goes into the tower. As the vapours rise up the tower the temperature rises. Different sized fractions condense at different heights because they have different boiling points. Smaller molecules condense high up in the tower. Larger molecules condense low down in the tower. Then the fractions are collected.

Question 18 of 22

19. What is crude oil?

A mixture of alcohols

A mixture of hydrocarbons

A mixture of alkanes

An oily liquid

Question 19 of 22

20. Describe the trend in boiling points of the main fractions in crude oil

Boiling point increases as the number of carbon atoms (chain length) decreases

Boiling point increases as the viscosity decreases

Boiling point increases as the number of carbon atoms (chain length) increases

Boiling point increases as the viscosity increases

Question 20 of 22

21. Describe how nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide contribute to acid rain

Nitrogen oxides created in hot car engines and sulfur dioxide released when fossil fuels are burned combine with each other to form acidic solutions

Nitrogen oxides created in hot car engines and sulfur dioxide released when fossil fuels are burned combine with water in lakes and seas to form acidic solutions

Nitrogen oxides created in hot car engines and sulfur dioxide released when fossil fuels are burned combine with water in the atmosphere to form acidic solutions

Nitrogen oxides created in hot car engines and sulfur dioxide released when fossil fuels are burned combine with water in the atmosphere to form acidic particles

Question 21 of 22

22. Why can nitrogen react with oxygen in a car engine?

The temperature is very high

The pressure is very high

Because the gases are very volatile

The metals in the engine act as a catalyst for the reaction

Question 22 of 22

Alkanes & Crude Oil quiz

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